Q: Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production during cellular respiration, and what is the main cycle involved?

Mitochondrion; Citric acid cycle ($$\text{Krebs cycle})$$

Q: Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating population growth rate?

$$\text{Growth Rate} = \frac{\text{Births} - \text{Deaths}}{\text{Total Population}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis in a biological context?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 2

A population of cheetahs experiences a drastic reduction in numbers due to a natural disaster, resulting in decreased genetic diversity. Which evolutionary mechanism is most likely responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Bottleneck effect

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production during cellular respiration, and what is the main cycle involved?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; Citric acid cycle ($$	ext{Krebs cycle})$$

Question 4

A scientist observes that a certain trait is influenced by multiple genes and is also affected by the individual's sex. Which inheritance pattern best describes this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic and sex-influenced inheritance

Question 5

Which of the following statements about homologous and analogous structures is correct?

Accepted Answer

Homologous structures share a common evolutionary origin, while analogous structures have similar functions but evolved independently.

Question 6

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 7

A cell is observed to transport sodium ions against their concentration gradient. Which type of transport is being used, and what is the energy source?

Accepted Answer

Active transport; ATP

Question 8

Which tissue type is characterized by cells that are tightly packed, have a free surface, and are found lining the body’s cavities and surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 9

A population of birds migrates to a new island and establishes a new population with different allele frequencies than the original population. Which evolutionary mechanism is illustrated?

Accepted Answer

Founder effect

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 11

A cell undergoes hydrolysis reactions to break down macromolecules. Which process is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating population growth rate?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Growth Rate} = \frac{	ext{Births} - 	ext{Deaths}}{	ext{Total Population}} 	imes 100$$

Question 13

A population of bacteria doubles every 24 hours. Using the Rule of 72, estimate how many days it will take for the population to increase eightfold.

Accepted Answer

72 / 24 = 3 days; since doubling occurs every 24 hours, it takes 3 doublings to reach eightfold ($$2^3 = 8$), so 3$$ 	imes 1 = 3$$ days.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Accepted Answer

Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes, while diploid cells contain two sets.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of an antigenic shift?

Accepted Answer

The emergence of a new influenza virus strain due to the mixing of genetic material from different viral sources.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codons.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the basement membrane in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating cell-to-cell communication via gap junctions

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of histones in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Histones package and organize DNA into nucleosomes, facilitating chromosome structure.

Question 19

A researcher is studying the effect of a limiting factor on a population’s carrying capacity. Which of the following best describes carrying capacity?

Accepted Answer

The maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct application of a Punnett square for a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous parents ($$AaBb 	imes AaBb$$)?

Accepted Answer

The expected phenotypic ratio is $$9:3:3:1.$$

BIO105 Final Exam Review: Comprehensive Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards