Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic mRNA must be processed before leaving the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

To add a 5' cap and poly-A tail for stability and export

Question 2

A mutation occurs in the promoter region of a gene in a eukaryotic cell. What is the most likely effect on gene expression?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase may not bind, reducing or eliminating transcription

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the lac operon in E. coli is correct?

Accepted Answer

The lac operon is induced when lactose is present and glucose is low

Question 4

If the anticodon on a tRNA is 5' UGG 3', which codon(s) can it recognize due to the wobble effect?

Accepted Answer

5' CCA 3' and 5' CCG 3'

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between positive and negative control of gene expression in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Positive control increases transcription via activators, negative control decreases transcription via repressors

Question 6

A frameshift mutation occurs in the coding region of a gene. What is the most likely outcome for the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

The protein will likely be nonfunctional due to altered amino acid sequence

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between the number of amino acids, tRNAs, and codons?

Accepted Answer

There are 20 amino acids, about 61 tRNAs, and 64 codons

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why shorter DNA fragments travel farther during gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

Shorter fragments move more easily through the gel matrix

Question 9

Which process is most directly responsible for the removal of introns from a primary transcript in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Spliceosome-catalyzed splicing

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of noncoding RNAs in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They regulate gene expression at multiple levels

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of histone acetylation in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

It loosens chromatin structure, increasing gene expression

Question 12

Which of the following is required for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a DNA segment?

Accepted Answer

Primers that anneal to both strands in the 5'-3' direction

Question 13

A scientist wants to produce human insulin in bacteria. Which of the following steps is NOT necessary in this process?

Accepted Answer

Fusing the bacterial chromosome with the human chromosome

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the start codon in translation?

Accepted Answer

It marks the site where translation begins on mRNA

Question 15

Which of the following statements about CRISPR gene editing is correct?

Accepted Answer

CRISPR uses a guide RNA to direct a nuclease to a specific DNA sequence

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why functionally related genes are often clustered in a single operon in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

To allow coordinated regulation and expression of genes with related functions

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct application of nucleic acid hybridization in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Using a labeled DNA probe to detect a specific gene sequence

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the chain termination method of DNA sequencing?

Accepted Answer

It uses dideoxynucleotides to terminate DNA synthesis at specific bases

Question 19

Which of the following is true about gene regulation in eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes regulate gene expression at multiple levels, including chromatin structure and RNA processing

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of short tandem repeats (STRs) in genetic profiling?

Accepted Answer

STRs are unique to each individual and can be used to create a sensitive genetic profile

BIO1113 Final Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance for Key Concepts

Study Guide - Practice Questions