Question 1

Which of the following best describes the hierarchical organization of biological systems from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, ecosystem

Question 2

Which property of water is most responsible for its ability to moderate Earth's climate?

Accepted Answer

Its high specific heat capacity, given by $$C = \frac{q}{m \Delta T}$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, $$E_a$$, required for a reaction.

Question 4

A scientist discovers a new organism that is multicellular, photosynthetic, and has cell walls made of cellulose. To which kingdom does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Plantae

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why carbon is the backbone of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for complex structures.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, causing kinks in their structure.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes Charles Darwin's contribution to biology?

Accepted Answer

He proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, a disease caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. Which level of protein structure is most directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure, which is the sequence of amino acids

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two monomers together by removing a water molecule

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Mass number} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of homeostasis in humans?

Accepted Answer

The body shivering to increase temperature when cold

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water has a partial positive charge on hydrogen and a partial negative charge on oxygen.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between structure and function in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

The structure of a molecule determines its function.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer that acts as a barrier to most water-soluble substances.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains uracil, while DNA contains thymine.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

BIO121 Unit 1 Study Guide: Foundations of General Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards