Q: A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of G is 0.7 and g is 0.3, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Differential survival and reproduction depending on the environment leads to changes in populations over time.

Question 2

Which equation represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for allele frequencies in a population?

Accepted Answer

$$P^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 3

A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of G is 0.7 and g is 0.3, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 4

Which species concept relies primarily on the ability of organisms to successfully mate and produce fertile offspring?

Accepted Answer

Biological species concept

Question 5

Which of the following is considered the closest living relatives to land plants?

Accepted Answer

Charophytes (green algae)

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all animals?

Accepted Answer

Cell walls

Question 7

Which human activity is the main cause of species extinctions today?

Accepted Answer

Deforestation and habitat destruction

Question 8

Tinbergen’s four questions help us understand animal behavior. Which question is an example of an ultimate explanation?

Accepted Answer

Why is the animal performing the behavior?

Question 9

A population of rabbits in a field grows rapidly at first, then levels off as resources become limited. Which type of population growth does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Sigmoidal growth (S curve)

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

A clownfish living among the tentacles of an anemone

Question 11

What is biomagnification?

Accepted Answer

The accumulation of toxins in higher trophic levels, especially top predators

Question 12

Which nutrient is most commonly associated with eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of plants in the energy cycle of an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

They convert solar energy into chemical energy.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of commensalism?

Accepted Answer

Remora fish riding on a shark

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the water cycle in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Water cycles between biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem.

Question 16

Which group of plants is characterized by the presence of seeds but not flowers?

Accepted Answer

Gymnosperms

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes do not.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor)?

Accepted Answer

The most recent organism from which all organisms now living on Earth descend

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of exploitation in ecological interactions?

Accepted Answer

A parasitoid wasp laying eggs inside a caterpillar

Question 20

Which of the following is a proximate question according to Tinbergen’s framework?

Accepted Answer

How has the behavior developed during the lifetime of the individual?

BIO201 Final Exam Review: Top 10 Concepts in General Biology

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