Question 1

Which of the following best explains why most cells are small in size?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of nutrients and waste.

Question 2

A cell has a radius of $r = 2 \mathrm{\mu m}$. Calculate its surface area to volume ratio. Use the formulas $	ext{Surface Area} = 4\pi r^2$ and $	ext{Volume} = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$.

Accepted Answer

$\frac{4\pi (2)^2}{\frac{4}{3}\pi (2)^3} = \frac{16\pi}{\frac{32}{3}\pi} = \frac{16}{\frac{32}{3}} = \frac{16 	imes 3}{32} = \frac{48}{32} = 1.5$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 4

Which cellular structure is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 5

A patient with Alzheimer's disease is found to have large tangles of Tau protein inside neurons. Which cytoskeletal component is most affected by this abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 6

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for forming the cleavage furrow during animal cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin filaments)

Question 7

A child is diagnosed with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, which is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene. This gene codes for a protein that is a major component of which cytoskeletal structure?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments (nuclear lamina)

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the cytosol is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of many important metabolic processes, such as glycolysis.

Question 9

Which motor protein is associated with microfilaments and is responsible for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 10

During cell division, which cytoskeletal component organizes the movement of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have compartmentalized organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 12

Which cytoskeletal component is described as hollow tubes with a diameter of 25 nm and is composed of $\alpha$- and $\beta$-tubulin?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 13

A mutation in a heart muscle protein prevents it from interacting with myosin, leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Which cytoskeletal component is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin)

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing a roadway for transport of materials within the cell

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of kinesin and dynein?

Accepted Answer

They are motor proteins that move vesicles along microtubules.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of intermediate filaments?

Accepted Answer

They are very stable and help anchor the nucleus and other organelles.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a defective nuclear lamina?

Accepted Answer

Premature aging due to unstable nuclei in cells

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the study cycle and effective learning strategies?

Accepted Answer

Teaching material to others is one of the most effective ways to retain information.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the Pomodoro Technique?

Accepted Answer

It involves working in focused intervals followed by short breaks to maximize productivity.

Question 20

Which of the following is a benefit of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows incompatible chemical reactions to occur simultaneously in different organelles.

BIO201 Study Guide: Cell Structure, Cytoskeleton, and Study Strategies

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