Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water's hydrogen bonding allows it to interact with both ionic and polar substances.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new organism whose cells contain a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which domain does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, allowing reactions to proceed faster.

Question 4

During cellular respiration, which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the chain.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between free energy change ($$\Delta G$$), enthalpy ($$\Delta H$$), temperature ($$T$$), and entropy ($$\Delta S) in a $$chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 8

Which process in photosynthesis is directly responsible for the production of O$$_2$$?

Accepted Answer

Photolysis of water during the light reactions

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different genes segregate independently during gamete formation.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T, G pairs with C

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the function of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing insertion of foreign DNA.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of a catabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glycogen to release glucose during exercise

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of a mutation in the promoter region of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Transcription of the gene may be reduced or abolished.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient; passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Fixation of CO$$_2$$ into organic molecules such as glucose

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of histone acetylation in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Histone acetylation relaxes chromatin structure, increasing gene expression.

BIO311C Final Exam Study Guide: Structure Relates to Function, Energy, and Genetic Information in Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards