Q: Which equation best represents the energy requirement for active transport through the nuclear pore?

$$ \text{ATP} \rightarrow \text{ADP} + \text{P}_i $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of materials into and out of the nucleus.

Question 2

A protein is found only in the cytoplasm and never enters the nucleus. Which of the following is most likely true about its molecular structure?

Accepted Answer

It lacks both nuclear import and export signals.

Question 3

Which sequence of organelles correctly represents the path a secreted protein takes through the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Question 4

A scientist attaches a nuclear import signal to pyruvate kinase, a cytoplasmic protein. Where will the modified protein most likely be found?

Accepted Answer

In the nucleus

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the central plug of the nuclear pore is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is leaky enough to allow small molecules like ATP and oxygen to pass.

Question 6

What is the role of a signal recognition particle (SRP) in protein targeting?

Accepted Answer

It directs ribosomes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthesis.

Question 7

Which type of endocytosis involves the uptake of large solid particles by the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 8

A protein destined for the lysosome must have which of the following to ensure correct delivery?

Accepted Answer

A destination tag specific for the lysosome

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why mRNA must have a nuclear export signal?

Accepted Answer

To allow mRNA to be translated in the cytoplasm after being synthesized in the nucleus

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The process by which cells release materials to the outside by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane

Question 11

A virus infects a cell by binding to a receptor and entering via endocytosis. Which type of endocytosis is most likely involved if the virus uses a specific protein to attach to the receptor?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 13

If a protein has both a nuclear import and export signal, what is its likely behavior?

Accepted Answer

It moves back and forth between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 14

Which part of the Golgi apparatus receives vesicles directly from the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Cis Golgi network

Question 15

Which equation best represents the energy requirement for active transport through the nuclear pore?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{ATP} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i $$

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about proteins that are secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

They travel through the endomembrane system and exit via exocytosis.

Question 17

Which process allows cells to take in fluid from the environment?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 18

A protein is found in the mitochondria but not in the nucleus or cytoplasm. Which targeting mechanism is most likely responsible for its localization?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial import signal

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the cisternae in the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

They are stacked, membrane-bound compartments that modify and sort proteins.

Question 20

Which of the following molecules can pass through the nuclear pore without a signal due to the leaky nature of the central plug?

Accepted Answer

ATP and oxygen

Biogenesis: How Proteins Are Made and Transported in Cells

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