Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable prediction, while a theory is a broad explanation supported by a large body of evidence.

Question 2

A scientist is testing the effect of sunlight on plant growth. She grows one group of plants in full sunlight and another group in the shade, keeping all other conditions the same. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The amount of sunlight each plant receives

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name for humans?

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens

Question 4

Iron-56 has an atomic number of 26. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$56 - 26 = 30$$ neutrons

Question 5

Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are held together by nonpolar covalent bonds.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes ocean acidification?

Accepted Answer

The decrease in ocean pH caused by absorption of atmospheric $$CO_2$$, forming carbonic acid.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is important for life?

Accepted Answer

Water has a low heat of vaporization.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond where electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges on atoms.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Linking two glucose molecules to form maltose and releasing $$H_2O$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 11

Which of the following functional groups is correctly matched with its structure?

Accepted Answer

Amino group: $$-NH_2$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 13

Which of the following is a structural carbohydrate found in plants?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group

Question 15

Which of the following is true about ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups.

Question 16

Which of the following is an isomer of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Fructose

Question 17

How many covalent bonds can a nitrogen atom typically form?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a polymer and its corresponding monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein is a polymer made of amino acid monomers.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the results of the Stanley Miller experiment?

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules, including amino acids, can form under conditions thought to be similar to those of early Earth.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative data is numerical, while qualitative data is descriptive.

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