Question 1

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. She measures the height of the plants after four weeks. Which of the following is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The height of the plants after four weeks

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 3

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is correct regarding its acidity?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic because its pH is less than 7.

Question 4

Which process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 5

Which of the following macromolecules is correctly matched with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates – monosaccharides

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs the electron transport chain. Which cellular process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic cellular respiration

Question 7

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 8

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why X-linked recessive traits are more common in males than females?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will cause the trait.

Question 10

A child has type O blood. Which of the following parental combinations is NOT possible?

Accepted Answer

One parent is type AB, the other is type O

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Humans breeding dogs for specific traits

Question 12

Which domain contains organisms that are prokaryotic and often live in extreme environments?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of producers in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

They convert inorganic molecules into organic molecules using energy from the sun.

Question 14

Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 15

A mutation changes a DNA sequence from $$	ext{TAC} to$$ $$	ext{TAG}. If$$ $$	ext{TAG} is a $$stop codon, what type of mutation has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between passive and active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the classification hierarchy from broadest to most specific?

Accepted Answer

Domain \u003e Kingdom \u003e Phylum \u003e Class \u003e Order \u003e Family \u003e Genus \u003e Species

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why meiosis leads to genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

It involves crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are proteins that lower the activation energy of reactions.

Question 20

A researcher observes that after adding a certain chemical to a solution, the pH changes from 7 to 2. Which of the following best describes the chemical added?

Accepted Answer

A strong acid

BIOL 106 Final Exam Review: Core Concepts in Biology

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