$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific method as applied in biological research?

Accepted Answer

A process that involves forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions based on evidence.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct sequence of increasing biological organization?

Accepted Answer

Cell $$\rightarrow$$ Tissue $$\rightarrow$$ Organ $$\rightarrow$$ Organism

Question 3

Which property of water is most responsible for its ability to moderate temperature in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat capacity

Question 4

A scientist is studying a newly discovered virus. Which of the following characteristics would help distinguish it from a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Lack of cellular organelles and inability to carry out metabolism independently

Question 5

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins (as enzymes)

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in mitochondrial DNA. Which cellular process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific in their action?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the enzyme's active site matches only specific substrate molecules.

Question 9

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrink

Question 10

Which of the following statements about mitosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the independent assortment of genes during gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 12

A student observes that a plant bends toward light. This is an example of which characteristic of life?

Accepted Answer

Response to stimuli

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a real-world application of genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Production of insulin by genetically modified bacteria

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They cannot carry out metabolism or reproduce independently.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the flow of energy in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows in one direction, from producers to consumers to decomposers.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon sequence.

Question 19

A mutation in which type of cell would be passed on to future generations?

Accepted Answer

Gamete (sex cell)

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the importance of critical thinking in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

It allows scientists to evaluate evidence, question assumptions, and draw logical conclusions.

BIOL 1406 - Majors Biology Syllabus and Course Structure Overview

Study Guide - Practice Questions