Q: If a solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 \times 10$$^{-5}$$ M, what is its pH?

$$pH = -\log_{10}(1 \times 10$$^{-5}$$) = 5$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes why water has a high specific heat compared to most other substances?

Accepted Answer

Because hydrogen bonds between water molecules absorb heat when they break, requiring more energy to change temperature.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain plant grows faster when exposed to blue light. She proposes that blue light increases the rate of photosynthesis. Which step of the scientific inquiry process does her proposal represent?

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis

Question 3

A neutral atom has an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19. How many neutrons does this atom have?

Accepted Answer

$$19 - 9 = 10$$ neutrons

Question 4

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds and are usually solid at room temperature.

Question 5

If a solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M, what is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}(1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$) = 5$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is required for most of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing ATP production.

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which term best describes the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, increasing the rate of the reaction.

Question 10

A DNA molecule has the sequence 5'-ATCG-3'. What is the complementary DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

3'-TAGC-5'

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reactions break down molecules and release energy; anabolic reactions build complex molecules and require energy input.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A carboxyl group

Question 13

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic variation among gametes.

Question 14

A woman with blood type AB and a man with blood type O have children. Which blood types are possible for their offspring?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the semi-conservative model of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 17

If a parent cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, what will be the chromosome number in each daughter cell?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why plant leaves appear green?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs red and blue light.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids can move laterally within the layer, giving the membrane flexibility.

Question 20

A solution changes from pH 6 to pH 3. By what factor has the hydrogen ion concentration changed?

Accepted Answer

It has increased by a factor of $$10^3 = 1000$

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