Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material enclosed within a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a plant grows faster when exposed to blue light compared to red light. She proposes that blue light increases the rate of photosynthesis. Which step of the scientific inquiry process does her proposal represent?

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis

Question 3

An atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 17; Mass number: 35

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water because hydrogen bonds hold water molecules further apart in the solid state.

Question 5

If the pH of a solution changes from 5 to 3, how does the hydrogen ion concentration change?

Accepted Answer

It increases by a factor of 100.

Question 6

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and acts as a base by accepting H$$^+$$ ions?

Accepted Answer

Amine group

Question 7

Which of the following polysaccharides is used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 8

A fatty acid has the formula $$\mathrm{C$$_{18}$$H_{34}O_2$}$$ and contains one double bond. Which statement is correct about this fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

It is unsaturated and likely liquid at room temperature.

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 11

Which of the following reactions is exergonic?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and $$\mathrm{P_i}$$

Question 12

Which step of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, while cellular respiration releases energy from glucose.

Question 14

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; increases genetic variation

Question 15

A human cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. What are the characteristics of the resulting daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Two diploid cells, each with 46 chromosomes, genetically identical

Question 16

A woman with blood type AB and a man with blood type O have children. Which blood types are possible for their offspring?

Accepted Answer

A and B only

Question 17

Which of the following best describes DNA replication in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It is semi-conservative, producing two DNA molecules each with one old and one new strand.

Question 18

Given the DNA sequence $$5'	ext{-}ATGCGT-3'$$, what is the complementary DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-}TACGCA-5'$$

Question 19

Which process describes the correct order of gene expression in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → Translation → Protein folding

Question 20

A mutation changes the DNA codon from $$\mathrm{GAA} to$$ $$\mathrm{GAG}. $$Both codons code for glutamic acid. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

BIOL-141 Final Exam Study Guide: Core Concepts in Biology

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