Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a dehydration reaction and hydrolysis in the context of macromolecule synthesis and breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions join monomers to form polymers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 2

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 3

A biologist discovers a molecule composed of a phosphate group, a glycerol backbone, and two fatty acid chains. Which macromolecule has she most likely found?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids increase membrane fluidity at lower temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing of the lipid tails.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct formula for a dehydration reaction joining two glucose molecules to form maltose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Question 7

A mutation causes a protein to lose its tertiary structure but retain its primary and secondary structures. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The protein will lose its specific function due to improper folding.

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 9

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, forming bilayers in cell membranes.

Question 10

Which of the following is a major difference between storage and structural polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Storage polysaccharides have alpha glycosidic linkages, while structural polysaccharides have beta glycosidic linkages.

Question 11

A scientist is studying a molecule that contains a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. What type of macromolecule is she most likely investigating?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic Acid

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of chitin in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Chitin provides structural support in fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

A triglyceride consists of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids via ester linkages.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the hydrocarbon chain.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct chemical structure for the backbone of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Phosphate\ group} - \mathrm{Glycerol} - 2\ \mathrm{Fatty\ acids}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form bilayers that create the basic structure of cell membranes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Joining two amino acids to form a dipeptide and releasing water.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of cellulose in plants?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose provides structural support in plant cell walls.

BIOL111 Exam 2 Review: Macromolecules and Cell Structure

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