Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the energy consumption of the brain relative to body weight, given that the brain is about 2.3% of body weight but uses 20% of blood flow and 25% of the body's energy?

$$\frac{\text{Brain Energy Consumption}}{\text{Body Energy Consumption}} = \frac{25}{100}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of sensory neurons in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They detect changes in the internal and external environment and carry information from organs to the brain.

Question 2

Which glial cell type is primarily responsible for producing the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

A patient suffers from a disease that impairs the function of microglia. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Impaired immune defense in the brain due to decreased phagocytosis

Question 4

Which structure in a neuron is responsible for receiving information from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 5

The blood-brain barrier is essential for regulating the chemical composition of the brain's extracellular fluid. Which of the following best describes its function?

Accepted Answer

It is a permeable barrier that selectively regulates the passage of substances from the blood to the brain.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the energy consumption of the brain relative to body weight, given that the brain is about 2.3% of body weight but uses 20% of blood flow and 25% of the body's energy?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{	ext{Brain Energy Consumption}}{	ext{Body Energy Consumption}} = \frac{25}{100}$$

Question 7

Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting action potentials from the soma to the terminal buttons?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, a disease that damages the myelin sheath in the CNS. Which glial cell type is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the nodes of Ranvier in neuronal signaling?

Accepted Answer

They are the naked portions of a myelinated axon that facilitate rapid conduction of action potentials.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of information flow in a typical reflex arc involving the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Producing myelin sheath around axons

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid surrounding brain cells

Question 13

Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the efferent division of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It controls muscle contraction and movement by carrying information from the brain to the organs.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the synapse?

Accepted Answer

It is the junction between the terminal buttons of the presynaptic neuron and the soma of the postsynaptic cell.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the importance of myelin sheath in neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

It surrounds and insulates axons, preventing electrical charge from spreading and increasing the speed of action potential conduction.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the percentage of body energy used by the brain if the brain uses 25% of the body's energy?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Percentage} = \frac{	ext{Brain Energy Consumption}}{	ext{Total Body Energy}} 	imes 100$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of damage to the myelin sheath in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Slower transmission of nerve impulses, leading to symptoms such as muscle weakness and impaired coordination

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They relay information between sensory and motor neurons.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

They are chemicals released by a terminal button of a presynaptic cell that have an excitatory or inhibitory effect on the postsynaptic cell.

Biological Bases of Behavior: The Nervous System – Study Notes

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