Question 1

Which of the following functional groups is correctly paired with its structure and example?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate: $-PO_4$, Example: DNA

Question 2

A molecule with the formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$ is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 3

Which property of water allows it to moderate Earth's climate by absorbing heat without a large change in temperature?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Joining two monomers by removing a water molecule

Question 5

A protein's secondary structure is primarily stabilized by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions

Question 7

Given the structure of ATP, which bond is broken to release energy for cellular work?

Accepted Answer

The bond between the second and third phosphate groups

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 9

A mutation changes a single amino acid in a protein. Which level of protein structure is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice create a lattice that is less dense than liquid water

Question 11

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($-COOH$)

Question 12

Which of the following statements about lipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are hydrophobic and serve as long-term energy storage

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct match between a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate: Monosaccharide

Question 14

A scientist adds a strong acid to a solution containing an enzyme. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme will denature and lose its function

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They create a semi-permeable barrier due to their hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Question 16

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$ATP + H_2O \rightarrow ADP + P_i + energy$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix with complementary base pairing

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a protein's function?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin transporting oxygen in red blood cells

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, which is caused by a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin. This is an example of how:

Accepted Answer

A change in primary structure can affect protein function

Biological Macromolecules and Enzyme Function: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions