Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis forms polymers from monomers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct example of a storage polysaccharide and its function in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; stores energy in animal cells

Question 3

A triglyceride is formed by the bonding of three fatty acids to a glycerol molecule. What type of bond is formed during this process?

Accepted Answer

Ester bond

Question 4

Which of the following statements correctly compares saturated and unsaturated fatty acids at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature due to straight chains, while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid due to kinks from double bonds.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the behavior of phospholipids in water?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form bilayers with hydrophilic heads facing water and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleotide base and its classification?

Accepted Answer

Guanine; purine

Question 7

What is the main structural difference between DNA and RNA nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 8

Which of the following correctly describes the base pairing rules in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains glycosidic bonds in a beta configuration that most animal enzymes cannot hydrolyze.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct formula for a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules via dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$ C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} $

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the 5' and 3' ends of a polynucleotide is correct?

Accepted Answer

The 5' end has a free phosphate group, while the 3' end has a free hydroxyl group.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a structural polysaccharide and its function?

Accepted Answer

Chitin; provides structural support in fungal cell walls and exoskeletons of arthropods

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids store genetic information that is used to synthesize proteins.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of RNA compared to DNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA is typically single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the monomers and polymers of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides are the monomers, and polynucleotides are the polymers.

Question 16

Which of the following bonds links nucleotides together in a polynucleotide chain?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the synthesis of phospholipids. Which cellular structure would most likely be compromised?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a monosaccharide and its function?

Accepted Answer

Glucose; provides immediate energy for cellular respiration

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They contain double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly identifies the complementary base pairing in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with uracil, and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Biological Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids

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