Question 1

Which process is responsible for linking monomers together to form polymers, and what is the byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water is produced

Question 2

During the polymerization of 20 amino acids into a polypeptide, how many molecules of water are released?

Accepted Answer

$$19$$

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why proteins lose their function when denatured?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation disrupts hydrogen bonds, causing the protein to lose its three-dimensional shape

Question 4

Which of the following molecules is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 5

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture which of the following?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 6

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart

Question 7

Which of the following terms can be used to describe compounds that do NOT mix with water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic

Question 8

Which of the following is the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids

Question 9

Which of the following describes a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose

Question 10

Why can cows and termites digest cellulose, while humans cannot?

Accepted Answer

Their digestive tracts contain microorganisms that hydrolyze cellulose into glucose

Question 11

Which of the following is a polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in animal muscle and liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 12

Which of the following is a major component of plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature and unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds, allowing them to pack tightly together

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct order for the size of biological molecules from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Water, glucose, sucrose, protein

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 16

Which of the following is true about phospholipids and their interaction with water?

Accepted Answer

The polar head interacts with water, while the nonpolar tail repels water

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct description of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 18

Which of the following is a common misconception about the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains uracil, RNA contains thymine

Question 19

Which of the following is released when a peptide bond forms between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Biological Macromolecules: Structure, Function, and Properties

Study Guide - Practice Questions