Question 1

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not made from a chain of identical or similar monomers.

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is crucial in the formation of which of the following biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides, by joining fatty acids to glycerol and releasing $H_2O$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about cellulose is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide with $\beta$-glucose linkages, making it indigestible to most animals without microbial help.

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the primary structure of hemoglobin. Which level of protein structure is directly altered by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct real-life application of hydrolysis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down starch into glucose monomers during digestion

Question 7

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$. Which class of macromolecule is this molecule most likely a monomer for?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are essential for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward, creating a selective barrier.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

A mutation causes a change in the R-group of an amino acid in a protein. Which level(s) of protein structure could be affected as a result?

Accepted Answer

Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of glycogen in animals?

Accepted Answer

It is a storage polysaccharide found mainly in liver and muscle cells, releasing glucose when energy demand increases.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the formation of a peptide bond is correct?

Accepted Answer

A peptide bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, releasing a molecule of $H_2O$.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a structural polysaccharide and its biological role?

Accepted Answer

Chitin, providing support in the exoskeletons of arthropods

Question 14

A researcher is analyzing a macromolecule that contains nitrogen, is unbranched, and is built from amino acids. Which macromolecule is being studied?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic (polar) heads and hydrophobic (nonpolar) tails.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct match between a protein function and a real-world example?

Accepted Answer

Transport protein: Hemoglobin carrying oxygen in the blood

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

The presence of double bonds creates kinks in the fatty acid chains, preventing tight packing.

Question 18

A person eats a meal rich in starch. Which process and enzyme are primarily responsible for breaking down the starch into glucose monomers in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis by amylase

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are long molecules made by joining many monomers through covalent bonds.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides with the release of $H_2O$

Biological Macromolecules: Structure, Function, and Terminology

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