Question 1

Which property of carbon is primarily responsible for the diversity and complexity of organic molecules found in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Its tendency to form four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 2

A scientist is studying a molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Which class of biological molecules does this molecule most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Joining monomers to form polymers by removing water

Question 4

Which of the following is a disaccharide formed from glucose and galactose?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 5

A patient is unable to digest the main structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. Which molecule is the patient unable to break down?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 6

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, and hydrophobic interactions

Question 7

What type of bond forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific in the reactions they catalyze?

Accepted Answer

Their tertiary structure creates a unique active site that fits only certain substrates

Question 9

A protein is exposed to high heat and loses its three-dimensional structure but retains its sequence of amino acids. What has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

It contains a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 11

Which molecule acts as the primary energy carrier in cells, storing energy in its phosphate bonds?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with a polar phosphate-nitrogen head and two nonpolar fatty acid tails

Question 13

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have only single bonds between carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains

Question 14

A molecule is found to have four fused carbon rings and is used to synthesize hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Steroid

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is difficult for most animals to digest?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of glucose monomers linked by bonds that most animals lack enzymes to break

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biological molecule and its function?

Accepted Answer

Starch – energy storage in plants

Question 17

A mutation changes the sequence of nucleotides in a gene. Which level of protein structure is directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the amphiphilic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 19

Which of the following reactions is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers during digestion?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 20

A person consumes a meal rich in starch. Which process will their digestive system use to convert starch into glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Biological Molecules: Structure and Function in Living Organisms

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