Question 1

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids and is involved in peptide bond formation?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 2

A molecule contains a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom at the end of its carbon skeleton. What type of molecule is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde

Question 3

Which process involves the removal of a water molecule to join two monomers together?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction)

Question 4

Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. Why can't most animals digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

They lack the enzyme to hydrolyze the linkage in cellulose.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Regular coiling and folding stabilized by hydrogen bonds between peptide linkages.

Question 6

A triglyceride is formed by the bonding of three fatty acids to which molecule?

Accepted Answer

Glycerol

Question 7

Which functional group is critical in stabilizing protein structure through the formation of disulfide bridges?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($$-SH)$$

Question 8

Which macromolecule class includes molecules that function as enzymes, antibodies, and hormones?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 9

What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 10

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide found in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 11

A scientist discovers a molecule with a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. What type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 12

Which functional group acts as a base and is found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 13

Which type of bond is formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage in plants

Question 15

Which process breaks the covalent bond between two monomers by the addition of water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 16

A mutation changes the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 17

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 18

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 19

Which macromolecule is most directly involved in the storage and transmission of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why carbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks of molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms.

Biological Molecules: Structure and Function in General Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions