Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction in the synthesis of biological polymers?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which a water molecule is removed to form a new bond between monomers.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct chemical formula for a hexose sugar, such as glucose?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 3

Starch and cellulose are both polymers of glucose. What is the primary structural difference between them?

Accepted Answer

Starch has 1-4 linkages of $\alpha$-glucose, while cellulose has 1-4 linkages of $\beta$-glucose.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form the main structure of cell membranes due to their amphipathic nature.

Question 5

A patient is found to have a genetic mutation that prevents the formation of disulfide bridges in proteins. Which level of protein structure would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They have double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 8

During digestion, the breakdown of starch into glucose monomers is an example of which type of reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The association of multiple polypeptide subunits into a functional protein.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.

Question 11

A mutation changes a single amino acid in the primary structure of a protein. Which of the following could be a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

Altered secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure, potentially affecting function

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is not digestible by most animals?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is composed of $\beta$-glucose monomers linked by $\beta$-1,4 glycosidic bonds, which most animals lack enzymes to hydrolyze.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-life example of a protein's function as a hormone?

Accepted Answer

Insulin regulates blood sugar levels in humans.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of chaperonins in protein folding?

Accepted Answer

They provide a hydrophilic environment for proper folding of polypeptides.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 16

A researcher is studying a molecule with the following structure: a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why related species have more similar DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

They share a more recent common ancestor.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of defensive proteins in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Inactivating and destroying viruses and bacteria

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

Question 20

A person is unable to absorb dietary fat due to a genetic disorder affecting phospholipid synthesis. Which cellular structure would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane integrity and function

Biological Molecules: Structure and Function in Living Systems

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