Q: A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[\mathrm{H^+}]) in $$the solution?

$$[\mathrm{H^+}] = 1 \times 10$$^{-4}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of emergent properties in biology?

Accepted Answer

A collection of organelles forms a living cell with functions not present in the individual organelles.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain plant grows faster when exposed to blue light compared to red light. Which step of the scientific method is the scientist performing if they design an experiment to test this observation?

Accepted Answer

Conducting an experiment

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the three-domain system of classification is correct?

Accepted Answer

Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea both consist of prokaryotic organisms.

Question 4

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$\mathrm{–COOH})$$

Question 5

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins, such as alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 6

A dehydration reaction is used to join two monosaccharides. What is the general equation for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{$$Monosaccharide_1$$ + $$Monosaccharide_2$$ \rightarrow Disaccharide + H_2O}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules absorb heat when they break and release heat when they form.

Question 8

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[\mathrm{H^+}]) in $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[\mathrm{H^+}] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

A bacterial cell is observed to be rod-shaped. What is the correct term for this shape?

Accepted Answer

Bacillus

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol in the plasma membrane increases membrane fluidity at low temperatures.

Question 13

Which of the following molecules can most easily diffuse across a pure phospholipid bilayer without the help of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 14

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst as water enters the cell.

Question 15

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

Which type of membrane protein forms a hydrophilic channel that allows specific molecules or ions to cross the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Channel protein

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds, allowing their molecules to pack closely together.

Question 20

A cell is observed to engulf a large particle by wrapping its plasma membrane around it and forming a vesicle. Which process is being described?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Biology 1009: Study Guide for Midterm Exam I (Lectures 1-6)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards