Question 1

Which of the following statements best summarizes the cell theory and its implications for biological research?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are composed of cells, and cells are the smallest unit capable of performing all life activities.

Question 2

A scientist is comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which feature is present in both cell types?

Accepted Answer

Presence of DNA

Question 3

A hypothesis in scientific research must:

Accepted Answer

Be an explanation based on observations and assumptions that leads to a testable prediction

Question 4

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains three guanine and five thymine nucleotides in the 5' to 3' strand. How many nucleotides are present in total?

Accepted Answer

16

Question 5

If two organisms share more classification levels, what does this indicate about their relationship?

Accepted Answer

They are more closely related

Question 6

A productive experimental design should:

Accepted Answer

Alter only one condition between the control and the experimental condition

Question 7

An element with 8 protons and an outer electron shell containing six electrons is:

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 8

Which pair of elements is most likely to react when brought together?

Accepted Answer

Sodium and chlorine

Question 9

How many electrons are in the outer shell of carbon?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 10

A pH of 5 is how many times more acidic than a pH of 8? Use the formula $	ext{Acidity difference} = 10^{|pH_1 - pH_2|}$.

Accepted Answer

$1000$

Question 11

Which property of water allows dogs to cool themselves by panting?

Accepted Answer

Water’s high heat of vaporization

Question 12

What forces enable a tall tree to bring water from its roots to its leaves?

Accepted Answer

Adhesion and cohesion

Question 13

Why do coastal areas near large bodies of water experience less drastic temperature changes than inland areas?

Accepted Answer

Because water bodies have a high specific heat exchange capacity acting as a temperature buffer.

Question 14

A hydration shell forms when:

Accepted Answer

An ionic compound is dissolved in water, and each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water

Question 15

If you observe mutant cells where many proteins are sent to the wrong compartments, which organelle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl and amino groups

Question 17

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain with all single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with one or more double bonds will:

Accepted Answer

Be more constrained in structure

Question 18

Which macromolecule utilizes a dehydration reaction during synthesis?

Accepted Answer

All of the above (Carbohydrate, Fats, Proteins)

Question 19

Hydrogenating fats:

Accepted Answer

None of the above

Question 20

Which kind of microscope would you need to visualize proteins that are smaller than a ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscope

Biology 101 Exam Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions