Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a broad explanation for a wide range of phenomena, supported by a large body of evidence, while a hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction.

Question 2

Louis Pasteur’s experiment with swan-necked flasks provided evidence against which of the following ideas?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous generation

Question 3

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes evolutionary fitness?

Accepted Answer

The number of viable offspring an organism produces relative to others in the population.

Question 5

A researcher is designing an experiment to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. Which of the following is an important characteristic of good experimental design?

Accepted Answer

Including a control group that does not receive the fertilizer.

Question 6

Which of the following bonds involves the sharing of electrons equally between two atoms?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 7

How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules require a large amount of energy to break.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about the valence shell of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to form bonds to fill their valence shell.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the primary structure of a protein is correct?

Accepted Answer

It refers to the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

Question 13

A molecule of water is represented as $$\mathrm{H_2O}. $$Which type of bond holds the hydrogen and oxygen atoms together within a single water molecule?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a condensation reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that forms a polymer from monomers by removing water.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about spontaneous chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They occur when the products have lower potential energy and/or higher entropy than the reactants.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of nonpolar molecules?

Accepted Answer

They do not have partial charges and are hydrophobic.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between natural selection and artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is driven by environmental pressures, while artificial selection is driven by human choice.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Archaea and Eukarya are more closely related to each other than either is to Bacteria.

Question 19

A researcher observes that giraffes with longer necks are more likely to win fights for mates. This observation supports which hypothesis about the evolution of long necks in giraffes?

Accepted Answer

Sexual selection hypothesis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between atomic number and atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number is the number of protons; atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Biology 1306: Study Guide for Chapters 1–3 (The Study of Life, Chemical Basis of Life, Protein Structure and Function)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards