Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a control group in a clinical trial?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a baseline for comparison by not receiving the experimental treatment.

Question 2

A scientist is testing a new drug. In the experiment, the amount of drug administered is varied, and the blood pressure of patients is measured. Which is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The blood pressure of patients

Question 3

Which of the following functional groups is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 4

Which statement correctly explains why water is a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating partial charges on the molecule.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between alpha-glucose and beta-glucose?

Accepted Answer

They differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl group ($$\mathrm{OH}) on $$carbon 1.

Question 6

Which type of bond links monosaccharides together in polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 7

A dehydration (condensation) reaction is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two monomers by removing a molecule of water.

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches a polymer with its monomer and the bond that links them?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – nucleotide – phosphodiester bond

Question 9

Which of the following statements about pH is correct?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in pH corresponds to an increase in $$[\mathrm{H}^+].$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cellulose and glycogen have different properties, even though both are polymers of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose has $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic bonds, while glycogen has $$\alpha-1$$,4 and $$\alpha-1$$,6 glycosidic bonds.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It involves hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms, forming $$\alpha-$$helices and $$\beta-$$sheets.

Question 12

Which of the following best distinguishes DNA from RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 13

A solution has a pH of 5. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[\mathrm{H}^+]) in $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why there is only one type of phosphodiester bond in nucleic acids, but multiple types of glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

The structure of nucleotides allows only one orientation for bond formation, while monosaccharides can bond in multiple orientations.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that breaks a polymer into monomers by adding water.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a functional group and its chemical property?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$\mathrm{PO_4$^{3-}}$$) – contributes negative charge

Question 18

A patient is given a solution with a pH of 2. Compared to a solution with a pH of 6, how many times greater is the hydrogen ion concentration in the pH 2 solution?

Accepted Answer

10,000 times greater

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why primary structure dictates the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids determines how the polypeptide will fold and interact with itself.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct distinction between storage and structural polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Storage polysaccharides are always branched, while structural polysaccharides are always unbranched.

Biology 161 Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance for Key Concepts and Example Questions

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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