Question 1

Which of the following best differentiates between somatic cells and gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are diploid and make up most body tissues, while gametes are haploid and involved in sexual reproduction.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a homozygous dominant genotype?

Accepted Answer

AA

Question 3

A child inherits a recessive genetic disorder from two unaffected parents. What is the most likely genotype of the parents?

Accepted Answer

Both parents are heterozygous carriers.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation.

Question 5

If a plant with genotype TtYy is crossed with a plant with genotype ttyy, what is the probability of obtaining offspring with the genotype Ttyy?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 6

Which process results in the formation of four genetically unique haploid cells from one diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 7

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic variation among gametes.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the new strand.

Question 9

What is the role of helicase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It unwinds the DNA double helix.

Question 10

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 11

A mutation occurs in the gene encoding DNA polymerase. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

New DNA strands cannot be synthesized accurately.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the leading and lagging strands are synthesized differently during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The two template strands are antiparallel, and DNA polymerase can only synthesize in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in haploid cells, while meiosis results in diploid cells.

Question 14

A woman with blood type AB and a man with blood type O have a child. What are the possible blood types for their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a test cross and its purpose?

Accepted Answer

Crossing an individual with a dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine genotype.

Biology Exam Study Guide: Genetics, Cell Division, and DNA

Study Guide - Practice Questions