Question 1

Which of the following best describes why carbon is central to the structure of all organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

It can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain solution causes proteins in the body to denature rapidly. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The solution has a pH far outside the normal homeostatic range.

Question 3

Which of the following reactions represents photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + light \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a 1% salt solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink because the solution is hypertonic.

Question 5

Which organelle is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They act as catalysts, speeding up reactions without being consumed.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are usually liquid at room temperature due to the presence of double bonds.

Question 8

During the electron transport chain in cellular respiration, what is the primary role of the electrons?

Accepted Answer

They move through enzymes, helping to generate ATP via ATP synthase.

Question 9

Which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as the main storage form of glucose in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 10

A cell is observed under a microscope forming a cell plate during cytokinesis. What type of cell is this, and what phase is it in?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell in telophase

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between transcription and translation in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Transcription produces mRNA, which is then used in translation to synthesize proteins.

Question 12

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

They contain carbon atoms typically bonded to hydrogen.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is semi-permeable, allowing selective passage of substances.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the laws of thermodynamics as they apply to living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that removes water to build larger molecules from smaller ones.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the structure of phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

The phosphate head is hydrophilic, while the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that adds water to break large molecules into smaller ones.

Question 19

Which of the following is the smallest unit that can be considered alive?

Accepted Answer

A cell

Question 20

Which of the following best describes what happens when a molecule is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

It loses electrons or hydrogen atoms.

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