Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material enclosed within a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain plant grows faster in sunlight than in shade. She proposes that sunlight increases the rate of photosynthesis, leading to faster growth. She then predicts that if she grows plants under artificial light with the same intensity as sunlight, they will grow at the same rate as those in sunlight. Which step of the scientific inquiry process does her prediction represent?

Accepted Answer

Prediction

Question 3

An atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 17, Mass number: 35

Question 4

Which of the following pairs of atoms are isotopes of each other?

Accepted Answer

Atom A: 6 protons, 6 neutrons; Atom B: 6 protons, 7 neutrons

Question 5

A sodium atom ($$Na) $$has one electron in its outer shell. If it loses this electron, what will be its resulting charge and what is the name for this type of ion?

Accepted Answer

Charge: $$+1$$, Name: cation

Question 6

Which of the following best explains how a hydrogen bond forms between water molecules?

Accepted Answer

A hydrogen atom in one water molecule is attracted to the oxygen atom in a neighboring water molecule due to partial charges.

Question 7

Which property of water explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Water has a lower density as a solid than as a liquid.

Question 8

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH, and is it acidic, basic, or neutral?

Accepted Answer

pH = 5; acidic

Question 9

If the pH of a solution changes from 6 to 4, how does the hydrogen ion concentration change?

Accepted Answer

It increases by a factor of 100.

Question 10

Which of the following functional groups is correctly matched with its structure?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group: $$-OH$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about isomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct monomer for proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 13

Which polysaccharide is used by plants for energy storage and is digestible by humans?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 14

A fatty acid has one or more double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain. Which of the following is true about this fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

It is unsaturated and likely to be liquid at room temperature.

Question 15

Which stage of protein structure is characterized by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 16

What is denaturation, and how does it affect a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is the unfolding of a protein, causing loss of its function.

Question 17

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 18

Which of the following lists the three components of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 19

A researcher is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She applies the fertilizer to one group of plants and leaves another group untreated. She measures the height of the plants after four weeks. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The amount of fertilizer applied

Question 20

A compound dissociates in water to produce $$H^+$$ ions. What effect does this have on the pH of the solution, and how is the compound classified?

Accepted Answer

The pH decreases; the compound is an acid.

Biology Fundamentals: Cell Theory, Chemistry of Life, Water Properties, Organic Molecules, and Macromolecules

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