Q: Which of the following is a correct summary equation for photosynthesis?

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

To break down glucose and generate ATP through a series of controlled redox reactions.

Question 2

In the reaction $$Na + Cl \rightarrow Na^+ + Cl^-$$, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Sodium is oxidized and acts as the reducing agent.

Question 3

During aerobic cellular respiration, which phase produces the greatest amount of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain / Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 4

Which coenzyme is reduced during the light reactions of photosynthesis and later oxidized in the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Question 5

What is the main purpose of fermentation in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

To recycle NAD$$^+ so $$glycolysis can continue.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct summary equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 7

How does $$CO_2$$ enter a plant leaf for use in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Through microscopic pores called stomata.

Question 8

Which process in cellular respiration directly uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain

Question 9

What is the role of ATP synthase in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ATP as protons flow through it down their gradient.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate to ADP from a substrate, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient and ATP synthase.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 12

What is the main function of the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

To fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules like G3P.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases, during which the cell grows and replicates its DNA.

Question 14

What is the role of cohesin proteins during cell division?

Accepted Answer

They hold sister chromatids together until anaphase.

Question 15

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis involves one cell division and produces genetically identical cells; meiosis involves two divisions and produces genetically unique cells.

Question 17

During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 18

Which process contributes most directly to genetic diversity during sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during Prophase I of meiosis

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the import and export of molecules in plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2$$ enters via stomata, and sugar is exported through veins.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why plants appear green?

Accepted Answer

They reflect and transmit green light, which is not absorbed by chlorophyll.

Biology I: Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis, Cell Cycle, and Meiosis – Study Guide

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