Question 1

Which of the following best describes the order of biological complexity from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain plant grows faster when exposed to blue light. She hypothesizes that blue light increases the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is the best prediction based on her hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

If the plant is exposed to blue light, then it will grow faster than plants not exposed to blue light.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydrogen bonds due to its polar covalent bonds, giving it a high specific heat.

Question 4

Given a solution with $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$, what is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = 5$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains how a buffer works in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

A buffer absorbs excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions to minimize changes in pH.

Question 6

Which of the following macromolecules is correctly matched with its subunit?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid — Nucleotide

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 8

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 9

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which term best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 10

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 11

During glycolysis, what are the net products generated from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues.

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with anemia. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased red blood cell count leading to fatigue

Question 14

Which of the following statements correctly compares arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have thicker walls to withstand higher pressure; veins have valves to prevent backflow.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries are the main site of exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and tissues.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Returning excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides immediate, non-specific defense; adaptive immunity develops specific responses over time.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the role of clonal selection in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It ensures that only B or T cells specific to an antigen are activated and proliferate.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the path of air as it enters the human body?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → pharynx → trachea → bronchi → alveoli

Question 20

Which of the following best explains how smoking contributes to lung disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking damages alveoli and impairs gas exchange, leading to diseases like emphysema.

Biology Study Guide: Core Concepts from Chapters 1-3, 11-14

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards