Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material enclosed within a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain plant grows faster in sunlight than in shade. She proposes that sunlight increases the rate of photosynthesis, leading to faster growth. She then predicts that if she grows plants under artificial light, they will grow as fast as those in sunlight. Which step of the scientific inquiry process does her prediction represent?

Accepted Answer

Prediction

Question 3

An atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 17, Mass number: 35

Question 4

Which of the following pairs of atoms are isotopes of each other?

Accepted Answer

Atom A: 6 protons, 6 neutrons; Atom B: 6 protons, 7 neutrons

Question 5

A sodium atom ($$Na) $$has one electron in its outer shell. If it loses this electron, what will be its resulting charge and what is the name for this type of ion?

Accepted Answer

Charge: $$+1$$, Name: cation

Question 6

Which of the following best explains how a hydrogen bond forms between water molecules?

Accepted Answer

A hydrogen atom in one water molecule is attracted to the oxygen atom in a different water molecule due to partial charges.

Question 7

Which property of water explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Water has a lower density as a solid than as a liquid.

Question 8

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH, and is it acidic, basic, or neutral?

Accepted Answer

pH = 5; acidic

Question 9

If the pH of a solution changes from 6 to 4, how does the hydrogen ion concentration change?

Accepted Answer

It increases by a factor of 100.

Question 10

Which of the following functional groups is correctly matched with its structure?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl: $$-COOH$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about isomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct monomer for proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 13

Which polysaccharide is used by plants for energy storage and is digestible by humans?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 14

A fatty acid contains one or more double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain. Which statement is true about this fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

It is unsaturated and likely liquid at room temperature.

Question 15

A protein loses its three-dimensional structure due to high temperature. What is this process called, and what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; the protein will lose its function.

Question 16

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

Question 17

Which of the following lists the three components of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 18

A researcher is testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth. She gives different amounts of fertilizer to several groups of plants and measures their height after four weeks. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The amount of fertilizer given

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the formation of an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

One atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 20

A compound dissociates in water to produce $$H^+$$ ions. What effect does this have on the pH of the solution, and how is the compound classified?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the pH; the compound is an acid.

Biology Study Guide: Foundations of Life, Chemistry, Water, Carbon, and Biological Moleculesh

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