Q: If the pH of a solution is 5, what is the concentration of $$[H^+]$$ ions?

$$1 \times 10$$^{-5}$$\ \text{M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an emergent property in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A property that arises from the interaction and arrangement of parts within a system, such as consciousness arising from neural networks.

Question 2

Which sequence correctly orders the taxonomic groups from the most inclusive to the least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 3

A scientist is studying the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. She measures the height of the plants weekly. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The application of the fertilizer

Question 4

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells possess both.

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates negative feedback in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The secretion of insulin lowers blood glucose levels, which in turn reduces further insulin secretion.

Question 6

Which of the following elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 7

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10 years. If you start with 80 grams, how much will remain after 30 years?

Accepted Answer

$$10\ 	ext{grams}$$

Question 8

Which of the following bonds is the strongest in an aqueous (water-based) environment?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 9

If the pH of a solution is 5, what is the concentration of $$[H^+]$$ ions?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$\ 	ext{M}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about water's specific heat and its biological significance?

Accepted Answer

Water's high specific heat helps moderate Earth's climate by absorbing and releasing large amounts of heat with little temperature change.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a property of carbon that makes it central to the structure of biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form ionic bonds with many elements.

Question 12

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and acts as a base by accepting $$H^+$$ ions?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 13

Which process describes the formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis, which removes a water molecule to form a covalent bond

Question 14

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature and have no double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 15

Which level of protein structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in water.

Question 17

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 18

A mutation occurs in a gene that codes for a channel protein in the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may have difficulty transporting specific molecules across the membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered energy-related organelles?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria convert glucose into ATP, and chloroplasts convert solar energy into chemical energy.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct comparison between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, while cellular respiration releases energy from glucose.

Biology Study Guide: Foundations of Life, Chemistry, and the Cell

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