Q: According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow in cells?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They can photosynthesize.

Question 2

Which experiment provided strong evidence against the theory of spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment

Question 3

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow in cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the concept of fitness in evolutionary biology?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an individual to produce many surviving offspring

Question 5

A population of beetles lives in a forest where the bark is dark. Over generations, more beetles have dark shells. Which process best explains this change?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 6

Which statement about the cell theory is correct?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are made up of cells, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 7

Which of the following is a direct result of a mutation in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A change in the sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

The population must be isolated from other populations.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the phylogenetic tree of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

It depicts genealogical relationships among species with a single ancestral species at its base.

Question 11

A scientist compares the DNA sequences of three organisms: A, B, and C. Organism A and B have fewer sequence differences than A and C. What can the scientist conclude?

Accepted Answer

Organism A is more closely related to organism B than to C.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They are not made up of cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides chemical energy for cellular processes.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of descent with modification?

Accepted Answer

A population of bacteria develops resistance to an antibiotic over several generations.

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct prediction of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells in an organism are descended from a common ancestral cell.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the chromosome theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes, which are passed from parent to offspring.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of an adaptation increasing fitness?

Accepted Answer

Finches with small, pointed beaks thriving when small, soft seeds are abundant.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A theory is supported by a wide body of evidence, while a hypothesis is a testable explanation for a specific observation.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why genetic variation is important for evolution?

Accepted Answer

It allows populations to adapt to changing environments through natural selection.

Biology: The Study of Life – Chapter 1 Study Notes

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