Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the sickle cell allele remains prevalent in populations of African descent, despite its harmful effects when homozygous?

Accepted Answer

It provides resistance to malaria when present in the heterozygous state.

Question 2

According to Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection, which trait is most likely to be passed on to future generations?

Accepted Answer

A trait that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Question 3

Which statement best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype is the observable physical traits.

Question 4

A child inherits one dominant allele (A) and one recessive allele (a) for flower color. What will be the color of the flower?

Accepted Answer

The flower will display the dominant color associated with allele A.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the total number of chromosomes in a human zygote after fertilization?

Accepted Answer

$$46 = 23 + 23$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the myelin sheath in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It insulates axons and increases the speed of electrical signal transmission.

Question 7

What is the primary role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports $$3 \mathrm{Na}^+$$ out and $$2 \mathrm{K}^+ in$$, maintaining a negative charge inside the cell.

Question 8

Which process describes the movement of neurotransmitters from the synapse back into the axon terminal after signaling?

Accepted Answer

Reuptake

Question 9

A drug that blocks the normal activity of a neurotransmitter is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Antagonist

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is most directly associated with muscle action and memory?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 11

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

Damage to Broca’s area in the frontal lobe would most likely result in:

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing language

Question 13

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for regulating homeostasis, including body temperature and hunger?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 14

Which lobe of the brain is most involved in processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 15

A patient with damage to the hippocampus would most likely experience problems with:

Accepted Answer

Forming new memories

Question 16

Which imaging technique uses X-rays to create detailed images of brain structures and is useful for detecting tumors?

Accepted Answer

CT scan

Question 17

Which gland is considered the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'range of reaction' in gene-environment interactions?

Accepted Answer

Genes set boundaries for possible traits, and environment determines where within those boundaries an individual falls.

Question 19

Which structure connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with mood, sleep, and learning, and is often targeted by antidepressant medications?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Biopsychology: Genetics, Evolution, and the Biological Basis of Behavior

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