Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why hyaline cartilage is found at the ends of long bones in joints?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage provides support, flexibility, and resilience, reducing friction and absorbing shock at joints.

Question 2

A patient presents with a bone fracture that is slow to heal. Upon examination, it is found that the periosteum is damaged. Which function of the periosteum is most likely responsible for the delayed healing?

Accepted Answer

The periosteum contains osteogenic stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts for bone growth and repair.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth adds new matrix to the surface of cartilage, while interstitial growth expands cartilage from within by division of chondrocytes.

Question 4

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what is its origin?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; derived from hematopoietic stem cells that also produce macrophages

Question 5

A forensic anthropologist finds a bone that is thin, flat, and slightly curved. Which classification does this bone most likely belong to, and what is a real-life example?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone; sternum

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why bones are able to resist both compression and tension?

Accepted Answer

Bones contain both organic components (collagen fibers) for tensile strength and inorganic components (hydroxyapatites) for compressive strength.

Question 7

A child is diagnosed with anemia. Which adaptation in bone marrow is most likely to occur in response?

Accepted Answer

Yellow marrow in the medullary cavity will convert to red marrow to increase hematopoiesis.

Question 8

Which of the following bone markings would most likely serve as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Opening

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix and act as stress sensors, communicating with osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Question 10

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for bone fractures. Which property of bone is most compromised in this disease?

Accepted Answer

The bone's mineral content, particularly hydroxyapatite, reducing its resistance to compression

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of osteocalcin produced by bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteocalcin helps regulate insulin secretion, glucose levels, and metabolism.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the osteon (Haversian system) in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

The osteon is an elongated cylinder of concentric lamellae that acts as a weight-bearing pillar, with collagen fibers running in alternating directions to resist twisting.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone forms the dense outer layer of bones, while spongy bone consists of a honeycomb of trabeculae filled with marrow.

Question 14

A long bone is fractured at the diaphysis. Which of the following best describes the diaphysis?

Accepted Answer

The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that forms the long axis of the bone, consisting of compact bone surrounding a medullary cavity.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why bone is considered an organ?

Accepted Answer

Bone contains several types of tissues, including osseous tissue, nervous tissue, cartilage, fibrous connective tissue, muscle cells, and epithelial cells in blood vessels.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of sacrificial bonds in bone?

Accepted Answer

Sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules stretch and break to dissipate energy and prevent fractures, then reform if no additional trauma occurs.

Question 17

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of collagen fibers in bone. Which property of bone would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

The bone's tensile strength and flexibility

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of bone cell and its function?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast: bone-forming cell that secretes osteoid

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the trabeculae in spongy bone are arranged along lines of stress?

Accepted Answer

Trabeculae are organized to confer strength to bone and help resist stress from multiple directions.

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Classification

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