Q: Which of the following equations correctly summarizes aerobic cellular respiration?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$$

Q: Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

$$6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 1

A student is using a spectrophotometer to determine the concentration of a protein solution. She first measures the absorbance of several known concentrations and plots the data to create a standard curve. What is the primary purpose of this standard curve in her experiment?

Accepted Answer

To find the concentration of an unknown protein solution by comparing its absorbance to the curve.

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by their surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As a cell grows, its volume increases faster than its surface area, making it difficult to efficiently exchange materials with the environment.

Question 3

A scientist places a plant cell in a solution and observes that the cell becomes turgid. Which term best describes the solution relative to the cell, and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; water moves into the cell.

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly summarizes aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 5

During a DNA fingerprinting experiment, a student loads DNA samples into the wells at one end of an agarose gel and applies an electric current. Which statement best explains the movement of DNA fragments during electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

DNA fragments move toward the positive electrode because DNA is negatively charged.

Question 6

A student is preparing a 2% (w/v) agarose gel with a final volume of 100 mL. How many grams of agarose should she use?

Accepted Answer

2.0 g

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of restriction enzymes in DNA analysis?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences, allowing for the identification of genetic variation.

Question 8

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (AaBb x AaBb), what is the expected phenotypic ratio among the offspring, assuming independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the endosymbiont theory is supported by evidence?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own circular DNA, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 10

A potato slice is placed in a solution and gains mass after one hour. What can you infer about the tonicity of the solution relative to the potato cells?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic to the potato cells.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 13

A student observes onion root tip cells under a microscope and identifies a cell with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell. Which phase of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the difference between a control and an independent variable in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

The control is a standard for comparison; the independent variable is the factor that is deliberately changed.

Question 15

In a yeast fermentation experiment, the rate of alcohol fermentation was measured by the volume of gas produced in a fermentation tube. Which gas is primarily produced during alcohol fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO}_2)$$

Question 16

A student is using a microscope with a 10x ocular lens and a 40x objective lens. What is the total magnification?

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 40 = 400	imes$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different genes segregate independently during gamete formation.

Question 18

A solution contains 0.5 moles of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) dissolved in enough water to make 1 liter of solution. What is the molarity (M$) of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5\ M$$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis and cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy, while cellular respiration releases energy from chemical bonds.

BSC2010L Final Review: Core Concepts and Laboratory Techniques in Biology

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