Q: Which equation correctly summarizes aerobic cellular respiration?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$$

Q: If a yeast cell undergoes alcohol fermentation, which of the following equations best represents the process?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow 2\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 2\ \mathrm{C}_2H_5OH + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

A student is using a spectrophotometer to measure the concentration of a protein solution. After plotting the absorption spectrum, they create a standard curve using known concentrations. What is the primary purpose of the standard curve in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

To find the concentration of an unknown protein solution by comparing its absorbance to the curve.

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by their surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As cells increase in size, their volume grows faster than their surface area, limiting efficient exchange of materials.

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. According to the endosymbiont theory, which of the following is evidence supporting the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain their own circular DNA similar to prokaryotes.

Question 4

A potato slice is placed in a solution and becomes turgid. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the potato cells, and the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic; water moves into the cells.

Question 5

Which equation correctly summarizes aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 6

During a DNA fingerprinting experiment, why are DNA samples loaded at the negative (black) end of the gel box?

Accepted Answer

DNA is negatively charged and will move toward the positive electrode.

Question 7

A student prepares a 2% (w/v) agarose gel in a total volume of 100 mL. How many grams of agarose powder are required?

Accepted Answer

$$2\ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

A monohybrid cross examines one trait, while a dihybrid cross examines two traits simultaneously.

Question 9

If a yeast cell undergoes alcohol fermentation, which of the following equations best represents the process?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ ightarrow 2\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 2\ \mathrm{C}_2H_5OH + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 10

A scientist is measuring the rate of cellular respiration in germinating seeds by monitoring oxygen consumption. Which of the following would most likely decrease the rate of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the availability of glucose.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about restriction enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.

Question 12

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for an animal cell and a plant cell, respectively?

Accepted Answer

The animal cell will shrink (crenate), and the plant cell will undergo plasmolysis.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different genes segregate independently during gamete formation.

Question 14

A student observes S. obliquus under a microscope. Which of the following characteristics would help identify this organism?

Accepted Answer

It is a photosynthetic, eukaryotic, unicellular green alga.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains how gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

Smaller DNA fragments move faster and travel farther through the gel matrix toward the positive electrode.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct comparison between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, while cellular respiration releases energy from glucose.

Question 17

A student is using a 40x objective lens and a 10x ocular lens on a light microscope. What is the total magnification?

Accepted Answer

$$400	imes$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of a control in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

It is the group or condition used as a baseline for comparison.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct metric conversion?

Accepted Answer

$$1\ \mathrm{mm} = 1000\ \mu\mathrm{m}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both.

BSC2010L Final Review: Laboratory Concepts and Techniques in Biology

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