Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat compared to most other substances?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules absorb heat when they break and release heat when they form.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$. Which class of biological macromolecule does this molecule most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and proteins can move laterally within the layer.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions have a negative $$\Delta G$$, while endergonic reactions have a positive $$\Delta G.$$

Question 5

A patient is exposed to a radioactive isotope for cancer treatment. Which property of radioactive isotopes makes them useful in this context?

Accepted Answer

They emit radiation that can damage or destroy cancer cells.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for secretion or membrane insertion

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ATP as protons flow down their gradient through it.

Question 9

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and acts as a base by accepting $$H^+$$ ions?

Accepted Answer

Amino group

Question 10

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 11

Which process increases genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 12

A researcher adds a competitive inhibitor to an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The inhibitor binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA as described by Watson and Crick?

Accepted Answer

DNA consists of two antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 16

A mutation causes a cell to produce nonfunctional cyclins. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be unable to pass cell cycle checkpoints and may not divide.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds, allowing their molecules to pack closely together.

Question 18

Which of the following is a property shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of internal environment (homeostasis)

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct product of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

Question 20

A cell is exposed to a toxin that blocks the function of gap junctions. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Direct communication between adjacent animal cells

BY-110 Biology Lecture Review: Chapters 1–17 Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards