Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two monomers are joined together by removing a molecule of water.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main classes of large biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Question 3

A student is analyzing a molecule composed of many repeating glucose units. Which term best describes this molecule?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharide

Question 4

Which type of bond links monosaccharides together in the polysaccharide starch?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 5

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and can pack closely together, making them solid at room temperature.

Question 6

Which functional groups are involved in the formation of a triglyceride during a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

One hydroxyl group and one carboxyl group

Question 7

A patient is advised to avoid trans fats due to their link to coronary heart disease. What structural feature distinguishes trans fats from cis unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats have double bonds with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides, resulting in a straighter chain.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water, while their hydrophobic tails avoid water, resulting in a bilayer.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct example of a monomer and its corresponding polymer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and starch

Question 10

A food scientist is analyzing the energy storage molecules in plants and animals. Which statement is correct regarding these polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is highly branched and serves as the main energy storage polysaccharide in animal muscle and liver.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water, while dehydration synthesis joins monomers by removing water.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 13

A researcher is studying a molecule with four fused carbon rings and various functional groups. This molecule is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A steroid

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the general formula for a dehydration synthesis reaction between two glucose molecules?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + H_2O$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans, while starch can?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the specific glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 16

A nutritionist is comparing the health effects of different types of dietary fats. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats have kinks in their hydrocarbon chains, preventing tight packing and making them liquid at room temperature.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Forming a peptide bond between two amino acids to build a protein

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 19

A patient with a genetic disorder cannot produce cholesterol. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of steroid hormones

Carbohydrates and Lipids: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

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