Question 1

Which of the following structural features can vary among monosaccharides, contributing to their unique functions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Number of carbon atoms

Question 2

What is the primary structural difference between storage polysaccharides and structural polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Structural polysaccharides have $$\beta-$$linkages that create rigid, linear chains

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing glycogen in animal cells to release glucose?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylase

Question 4

Why are $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages in cellulose difficult for most organisms to hydrolyze?

Accepted Answer

Most organisms lack enzymes to break these linkages

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a major type of lipid found in cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycoproteins

Question 6

What is the primary role of phospholipids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Forming cell membranes

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why fats store more energy than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Fats have a larger number of high-energy C-H bonds

Question 8

A molecule with the formula $$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 is $$most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 9

Which structural feature of monosaccharides is responsible for their ability to form ring structures in aqueous solutions?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a carbonyl group and multiple hydroxyl groups

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Cell-cell recognition and signaling

Question 11

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have kinks due to double bonds

Question 12

Which polysaccharide is used for structural support in the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of insects?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 13

What is the main difference between the primary and secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids; secondary structure is the formation of $$\alpha-$$helices and $$\beta-$$sheets

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the hydrolysis of starch in the human digestive system?

Accepted Answer

It is catalyzed by amylase produced in the salivary glands

Question 15

Which of the following carbohydrates is most likely to form dietary fiber important for digestive health?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A carbohydrate formed by a condensation reaction between two monosaccharides

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of lipids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Forming waterproof coatings on skin and cells

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the molecular formula of carbohydrates is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates have the general formula $$\mathrm{(CH}_2\mathrm{O)}_n$$ where $$n$$ can vary

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of carbohydrates in cell identity?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates on the cell surface help identify cells as 'self' through glycoproteins and glycolipids

Carbohydrates and Lipids: Structure, Function, and Biological Roles

Study Guide - Practice Questions