Question 1

Which functional groups are present in all monosaccharides in their linear forms?

Accepted Answer

A carbonyl group and several hydroxyl groups

Question 2

The molecular formula for glucose is $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$. What is the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by condensation reactions?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_{18}H_{32}O_{16}}$

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why enzymes that hydrolyze starch cannot hydrolyze cellulose?

Accepted Answer

The geometry of the glycosidic bonds is different, and enzyme active sites are highly specific.

Question 4

A student is analyzing a sugar and finds that it contains five carbons. Which of the following sugars could it be?

Accepted Answer

Ribose

Question 5

Which of the following statements about glycosidic linkages is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are covalent bonds formed between two monosaccharides by a condensation reaction.

Question 6

How could two four-sugar oligosaccharides, both made of glucose monomers, be structurally different?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of monomers and the location/geometry of glycosidic linkages could vary.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between an aldose and a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

An aldose has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while a ketose has it in the middle.

Question 8

If a polysaccharide is composed of $n$ glucose monomers, how many water molecules are released during its synthesis by condensation reactions?

Accepted Answer

$n-1$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure of glucose in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

It predominantly exists in a ring form, which can be either $\alpha$-glucose or $\beta$-glucose.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of glycoproteins. Which cellular process would most likely be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell-cell recognition and signaling

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a possible carbon skeleton structure for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Double helix

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is a good structural material in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Its $\beta$-1,4-glycosidic linkages form straight, unbranched chains that can hydrogen bond with each other.

Question 13

Which of the following is a pentose sugar?

Accepted Answer

Ribose

Question 14

A biochemist is synthesizing a disaccharide from two glucose molecules. What type of reaction is this, and what is a byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Condensation reaction; water

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the molecular formula of carbohydrates is generally true?

Accepted Answer

They usually have the formula $\mathrm{(CH_2O)_n}$, where $n$ is the number of carbons.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between $\alpha$-glucose and $\beta$-glucose?

Accepted Answer

They differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl group attached to carbon 1 in the ring form.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a glycoprotein?

Accepted Answer

A protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates

Question 18

If you hydrolyze a polysaccharide composed of 10 glucose units, how many glucose molecules and water molecules will result?

Accepted Answer

10 glucose molecules and 9 water molecules consumed

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of the specificity of glycosidic bonds in human health?

Accepted Answer

Humans cannot digest cellulose because they lack enzymes to hydrolyze $\beta$-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Carbohydrates: Structure and Function (Chapter 5 Study Notes)

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