Question 1

Which of the following molecules is classified as a carbohydrate based on its chemical formula?

Accepted Answer

C\_6H\_12O\_6

Question 2

Which type of glycosidic linkage is found in cellulose, and how does it affect its function?

Accepted Answer

$\beta$-1,4 linkage; provides structural support due to straight, rigid chains

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with galactosemia, a disorder affecting carbohydrate metabolism. Which enzyme is most likely deficient, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase; inability to convert galactose to glucose, leading to toxic buildup

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack enzymes that hydrolyze $\beta$-1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 5

Which polysaccharide is highly branched and serves as the main energy storage molecule in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 6

A scientist isolates a polysaccharide from a fungal cell wall. Which molecule is most likely present, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Chitin; provides structural support

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 8

Compare the nutritional value of starch and cellulose for humans. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Starch is digestible and provides energy; cellulose is indigestible and acts as dietary fiber

Question 9

Which carbohydrate is a major component of bacterial cell walls and contains amino acids in its structure?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 10

A molecule has the formula $C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}$. What type of carbohydrate is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharide

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is unbranched; amylopectin is branched due to $\alpha$-1,6 linkages

Question 12

Which carbohydrate is used for cell-cell recognition in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Oligosaccharides attached to membrane proteins and lipids

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a condensation reaction in carbohydrate chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides, releasing $H_2O$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about chitin is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is a polymer of modified glucose molecules and provides structural support in fungi and arthropods

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the importance of carbohydrates in blood transfusions?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate markers on cell surfaces determine blood type and compatibility

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct comparison between starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is more highly branched than starch, allowing for faster glucose mobilization in animals

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of polysaccharides in plants?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose provides structural support in cell walls

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure-function relationship in carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

The type of glycosidic linkage determines whether a polysaccharide is used for energy storage or structural support

Carbohydrates: Structure, Classification, and Functions

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