Question 1

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose, even though it is composed of glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to hydrolyze the $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages found in cellulose.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch contains $$\alpha-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages, while cellulose contains $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages.

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that prevents the addition of sugars to proteins in the Golgi apparatus. Which cellular process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell-to-cell recognition and immune response

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of chitin in nature?

Accepted Answer

It forms the exoskeleton of arthropods and provides structural support in fungal cell walls.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about glycosidic linkages is correct?

Accepted Answer

A glycosidic linkage is formed by a dehydration reaction between two monosaccharides.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of oligosaccharides on the surface of animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They participate in cell recognition and signaling.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why glycogen is more extensively branched than amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen contains more $$\alpha-1$$,6 glycosidic linkages, allowing for rapid release of glucose.

Question 8

A scientist isolates a polysaccharide from a plant cell wall that is unbranched and forms microfibrils. Which polysaccharide has she most likely isolated?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct molecular formula for a hexose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process by which a disaccharide is formed?

Accepted Answer

A dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides, releasing $$\mathrm{H_2O}.$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world application of chitin?

Accepted Answer

It is used to make strong, flexible surgical thread that decomposes in the body.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the importance of carbohydrates in the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support and mediate cell-to-cell interactions.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the chirality of monosaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chirality refers to the presence of asymmetric carbons, resulting in molecules that are non-superimposable mirror images.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of peptidoglycan in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It forms a carbohydrate backbone cross-linked by peptides, providing structural support to the bacterial cell wall.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of glycogen in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen serves as a storage polysaccharide, mainly found in liver and muscle cells.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is an effective structural material in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Parallel cellulose molecules form microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonds, creating strong fibers.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of proteoglycans in animal tissues?

Accepted Answer

They provide hydration and structural support to the extracellular matrix.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

An aldose has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon skeleton, while a ketose has it within the skeleton.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, and Biological Roles

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