Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall process of photosynthesis in plants?

$$\mathrm{CO_2$} + \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{sunlight} \rightarrow (\mathrm{CH_2O})_n + \mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

An aldose has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while a ketose has it in the middle.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of photosynthesis in plants?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$} + \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{sunlight} ightarrow (\mathrm{CH_2O})_n + \mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 3

Which type of glycosidic linkage is found in cellulose, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

$$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkage; it allows hydrogen bonds to form between adjacent, parallel strands, giving cellulose its structural strength.

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch into glucose by hydrolyzing $$\alpha-$$glycosidic linkages?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 5

A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch. Which structural feature of these polysaccharides explains this difference?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages, which most human enzymes cannot hydrolyze, while starch contains $$\alpha-$$glycosidic linkages that are easily broken down.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about glycogen is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is a highly branched polymer of glucose found in animals, with branches occurring about every 1 out of 10 monomers.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why C–C and C–H bonds in carbohydrates have higher potential energy than C–O bonds?

Accepted Answer

Electrons in C–C and C–H bonds are shared equally, making them less tightly held and higher in potential energy.

Question 8

Which polysaccharide is a major component of fungal cell walls and the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins on the surface of animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell-cell recognition and communication

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches a polysaccharide with its biological role?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan – structural support in bacterial cell walls

Question 11

Which process is represented by the following equation?

$$(\mathrm{CH_2O})_n + \mathrm{O_2$} + \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow \mathrm{CO_2$} + \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 12

Which of the following statements about polysaccharide branching is correct?

Accepted Answer

Branching allows for more rapid release of glucose from storage polysaccharides like glycogen and amylopectin.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 14

A scientist discovers a polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers joined by $$\alpha-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages and some $$\alpha-1$$,6-glycosidic linkages. Which polysaccharide is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Amylopectin

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of phosphorylase in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It breaks down glycogen to release glucose.

Question 16

Which structural feature allows cellulose to form strong fibers in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Linear strands joined by $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages with hydrogen bonds between adjacent strands

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about oligosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Oligosaccharides are short polymers of monosaccharides, typically containing fewer than 50 monomers.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why most animals cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

They lack enzymes capable of hydrolyzing $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages.

Question 19

Which of the following is a major difference between starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is more highly branched than starch, with branches occurring about every 1 out of 10 monomers.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, and Energy in Biology

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