Question 1

Which of the following statements about carbon is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Carbon always forms non-polar bonds with other elements.

Question 2

Which functional group is correctly matched with its property?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group (—COOH): Polar, acidic

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why carbon can form such a diversity of stable organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form four covalent bonds.

Question 4

A molecule contains a functional group with the formula $$—SH. $$Which property does this group impart to the molecule?

Accepted Answer

It forms disulfide bridges that stabilize protein structure.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of macromolecule and the type of covalent bond that links its monomers?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid — Glycosidic bond

Question 6

During the synthesis of a polymer, which type of reaction occurs and what is the byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration; water is released

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

Question 8

A protein is exposed to high heat and loses its three-dimensional structure. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein will denature and lose its biological function.

Question 9

Which of the following amino acids is most likely to be found in the interior of a protein, away from water?

Accepted Answer

Leucine

Question 10

Which level of protein structure is primarily stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms, not side chains?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two monomers by removing a molecule of water.

Question 12

A mutation changes a polar amino acid in the active site of an enzyme to a nonpolar one. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme's active site may lose its ability to bind polar substrates.

Question 13

Which of the following functional groups is most likely to act as a base and accept a proton ($$H^+) at $$physiological pH?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$—NH_2$)

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of nucleotides in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why proteins can have such diverse functions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins can fold into complex three-dimensional shapes determined by their amino acid sequence.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of a protein's function?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin transports oxygen in the blood.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the methyl group ($$—CH_3$) is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is nonpolar and can affect gene expression when attached to DNA.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of chaperone proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

They assist newly-formed proteins in folding into their correct three-dimensional shape.

Question 19

A scientist is studying a molecule with the following structure: $$R—$$OPO_3$$^{2-}. $$Which class of biological molecule is this group most likely to be found in?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis breaks a polymer into monomers by adding water.

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life: Functional Groups and Biological Macromolecules

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