Question 1

Which property of carbon allows it to form a wide variety of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Its tetravalence, allowing four covalent bonds

Question 2

What is the molecular formula for both butane and isobutane (2-methylpropane)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_4H_{10}}$$

Question 3

Which type of isomerism is illustrated by cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene?

Accepted Answer

Geometric (cis/trans) isomerism

Question 4

A carbon atom is bonded to four different atoms/groups. What type of isomerism can this lead to?

Accepted Answer

Enantiomerism

Question 5

Which functional group is responsible for making organic molecules more soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-OH)$$

Question 6

What is the main difference between aldehydes and ketones?

Accepted Answer

Aldehydes have a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while ketones have it in the middle.

Question 7

Which functional group acts as an acid by donating a proton in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 8

How does the amino group ($$-NH_2$) affect the pH of a solution?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the concentration of $$H^+$$ ions, making the solution more basic.

Question 9

Which functional group is crucial for stabilizing the tertiary structure of proteins through disulfide bridges?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($$-SH)$$

Question 10

What is the role of phosphate groups in biological molecules such as ATP?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in energy transfer.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a structural isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms.

Question 12

Which molecule is an example of a ring structure formed from a linear carbon chain in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Cyclohexane

Question 13

What effect does the addition of a methyl group ($$-CH_3$) to DNA have?

Accepted Answer

It affects gene expression by making DNA inaccessible to transcription.

Question 14

Which of the following molecules contains a non-polar covalent bond and is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Ethane

Question 15

Which functional group is commonly found in perfumes, dyes, and germicides?

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde group ($$-CHO)$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between 1-butene and 2-butene?

Accepted Answer

They differ in the position of the double bond within the carbon chain.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

They are defined by the presence of carbon and hydrogen.

Question 18

Which functional group is found in amino acids and acts as a base in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why carbon can form long chains and rings?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for diverse structures.

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of the dissociation of the carboxyl group ($$-COOH) in $$water?

Accepted Answer

The solution becomes more acidic due to increased $$H^+$$ ions.

Chapter 4 Carbon lecture notes/slides

Study Guide - Practice Questions