Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

It transmits a signal across the plasma membrane by activating a G protein when a ligand binds.

Question 2

During apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans, which gene acts as a brake to prevent cell death unless the appropriate signal is received?

Accepted Answer

ced-9

Question 3

A researcher observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate, spindle fibers attached to kinetochores, and centrosomes at opposite poles. Which phase of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why meiosis is referred to as 'reduction division'?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the number of chromosomes in daughter cells by half compared to the parent cell.

Question 5

A human cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. After cytokinesis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 6

Which process during meiosis is primarily responsible for generating new combinations of alleles on the same chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 7

A woman with blood type AB and a man with blood type O have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of genes on different chromosomes are distributed independently into gametes.

Question 9

A cell is exposed to a local regulator that diffuses through the extracellular fluid and affects nearby cells. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Paracrine signaling

Question 10

Which of the following events occurs during the S phase of interphase in the eukaryotic cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

DNA is replicated, resulting in duplicated chromosomes.

Question 11

A male patient is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. Which of the following karyotypes would you expect to find in his cells?

Accepted Answer

$$47,\ XXY$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of protein kinases in signal transduction pathways?

Accepted Answer

They add phosphate groups to proteins, often activating them.

Question 13

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. Which inheritance pattern is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes with abnormal numbers of chromosomes

Question 15

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($$RrYy 	imes RrYy$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring if the genes assort independently?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why Down syndrome occurs?

Accepted Answer

An extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21)

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of codominance in humans?

Accepted Answer

ABO blood type, where both A and B alleles are expressed in AB individuals

Question 18

A cell in an animal embryo receives a signal to undergo apoptosis. Which of the following is a likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell is engulfed and digested by neighboring cells or immune cells.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between chromatin and chromosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is DNA wrapped around proteins during interphase, while chromosomes are the highly condensed form of DNA visible during cell division.

Question 20

A plant cell is observed forming a cell plate during cytokinesis. What is the primary function of the cell plate?

Accepted Answer

To form a new cell wall between the two daughter cells

Cell Communication, Cell Cycle, Meiosis, and Mendelian Genetics: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards