Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events in cell signaling as illustrated by the impala's 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Signal reception → Signal transduction → Cellular response

Question 2

Which type of cell signaling involves the release of neurotransmitters in response to an electric signal?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic signaling

Question 3

What is the primary function of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

To catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to another protein

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE about G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)?

Accepted Answer

They require the binding of GTP to activate the G protein

Question 5

A ligand-gated ion channel receptor will most likely be activated by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A ligand binding to the receptor, causing the channel to open for specific ions

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why only certain cells respond to a particular hormone?

Accepted Answer

Only cells with the specific receptor for that hormone can respond

Question 7

Which of the following is a key role of phosphorylation in signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

It activates or deactivates proteins by adding a phosphate group

Question 8

What is the main advantage of having multiple steps in a signal transduction pathway?

Accepted Answer

It allows for amplification and regulation of the signal

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of local signaling in animals?

Accepted Answer

Growth factors stimulating nearby cells to divide

Question 10

How does apoptosis protect neighboring cells during programmed cell death?

Accepted Answer

By packaging cellular components into vesicles for scavenger cells

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of second messengers in signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

They relay and amplify signals from receptors to target molecules inside the cell

Question 12

A mutation causes a receptor tyrosine kinase to be permanently active. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division, possibly leading to cancer

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-life example of long-distance signaling?

Accepted Answer

Insulin released by the pancreas affecting cells throughout the body

Question 14

Which of the following statements about intracellular receptors is correct?

Accepted Answer

They bind small or hydrophobic molecules that can cross the cell membrane

Question 15

Which process is responsible for removing phosphate groups from proteins during signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

Dephosphorylation

Question 16

A drug that blocks GTP binding to G proteins would most directly affect which type of receptor?

Accepted Answer

G protein-coupled receptors

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a typical outcome of cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Random mutation of DNA

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates the integration of multiple signaling pathways in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis triggered by signals from both inside and outside the cell

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of cell junctions in local signaling?

Accepted Answer

They directly connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells for signal exchange

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the specificity of ligand-receptor interactions?

Accepted Answer

Ligand binding is highly specific due to complementary shapes

Cell Communication (Chapter 11): Mechanisms and Pathways

Study Guide - Practice Questions