Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To produce genetically identical daughter cells for growth, development, and tissue repair

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

What is the correct order of mitotic phases?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 4

A cell is observed with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, attached to spindle fibers. Which stage of mitosis is this?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 5

Which structure is responsible for attaching chromosomes to the spindle fibers during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore

Question 6

What is the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They activate cell cycle checkpoints by binding to cyclins

Question 7

Which checkpoint is considered the most important for determining whether a cell will divide?

Accepted Answer

G1 checkpoint

Question 8

A mutation in which type of gene is most likely to result in uncontrolled cell division and cancer?

Accepted Answer

Proto-oncogene

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Benign tumors do not spread to other tissues, while malignant tumors can metastasize

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of tumor suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

They repair DNA and inhibit cell cycle progression when necessary

Question 11

A researcher observes that a cell fails to divide because it is not attached to the extracellular matrix. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Anchorage dependence

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why chemotherapy often causes side effects such as hair loss and nausea?

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy drugs interfere with mitosis in all rapidly dividing cells, including healthy ones

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of chromosomes ($$n) in a $$diploid human cell after DNA replication but before mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 46$$

Question 14

If a cell's DNA is damaged and cannot be repaired, which process is most likely to occur at the G1 checkpoint?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo apoptosis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of cytokinesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a cell plate from vesicles

Question 16

A scientist observes a cell with condensed chromosomes, a disappearing nuclear envelope, and spindle fibers forming. Which phase is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 17

Which of the following statements about binary fission in prokaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

It results in two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why MPF (Maturation Promoting Factor) activity peaks at metaphase?

Accepted Answer

MPF is required for chromosome alignment and spindle attachment

Question 19

A cell is observed to have a mutation in the p53 gene. What is the most likely consequence of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose the ability to halt the cell cycle in response to DNA damage

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a growth factor stimulating cell division?

Accepted Answer

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulating division of fibroblasts during wound healing

Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Structure, Regulation, and Cancer

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