Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \to \text{RNA} \to \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that DNA is not damaged before the cell enters mitosis?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

Question 2

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid cells with unique genetic combinations

Question 4

A cell with 24 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$24$$

Question 5

Which process increases genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing-over during prophase I

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with AB blood type

Question 7

What is the function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides

Question 8

Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific sequences during genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA contains ribose

Question 10

A silent mutation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A base pair is changed, but the amino acid sequence remains the same

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the purpose of the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

To map and sequence all human genes, advancing biology and medicine

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a polygenic trait?

Accepted Answer

Height in humans

Question 13

If a woman who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder has children with a man who does not have the disorder, what is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 14

Which process is responsible for separating DNA fragments by size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} 	o 	ext{RNA} 	o 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 16

Which type of mutation is most likely to result in a nonfunctional protein?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 17

Which of the following statements about incomplete dominance is correct?

Accepted Answer

The heterozygote shows an intermediate phenotype

Question 18

Which enzyme is heat-resistant and used in PCR to amplify DNA?

Accepted Answer

Taq polymerase

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

Carries amino acids to the ribosome

Question 20

Which of the following is true about homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles

Cell Cycle, Genetics, and Molecular Biology: Comprehensive Study Notes

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